small spot

pungo, pŭpŭgi, punctum, 3 (old fut. perf. pepugero, Att. ap. Gell. 7, 9, 10; perf. punxi, acc. to Diom. p. 369 P.:

pupungi, in pungit, punxit, pupungit,

Not. Tir. p. 131; scanned pŭpūgi, Prud. steph. 9, 59), v. a. [root pug-, to thrust, strike, whence also pugil, pugnus; Gr. pux, etc.], to prick, puncture (class.).

Lit.:

aliquem,

Cic. Sest. 10, 24:

acu comatoriā mihi malas pungebat,

Petr. 21:

vulnus quod acu punctum videretur,

Cic. Mil. 24, 65.—

Transf.

To pierce into, penetrate, enter:

corpus,

Lucr. 2, 460 (v. the passage in connection).—

To affect sensibly, to sting, bite: ut pungat colubram: cum pupugerit, etc., Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 894 P.:

pungunt sensum,

Lucr. 4, 625:

aliquem manu,

to pinch, Petr. 87 fin.:

nitrum adulteratum pungit,

has a pungent taste, Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 114.—

To press, hasten:

futura pungunt, nec se superari sinunt,

Pub. Syr. v. 177 Rib.—

Trop., to prick, sting, vex, grieve, trouble, disturb, afflict, mortify, annoy, etc.:

scrupulus aliquem stimulat ac pungit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

epistula illa ita me pupugit, ut somnum mihi ademerit,

id. Att. 2, 16, 1:

jamdudum meum ille pectus pungit aculeus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 158:

pungit me, quod scribis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 1:

si paupertas momordit, si ignominia pupugit,

id. Tusc. 3, 34, 82:

quos tamen pungit aliquid,

id. ib. 5, 35, 102:

odi ego, quos numquam pungunt suspiria somnos,

Prop. 3, 8 (4, 7), 27. —Hence, punctus, a, um, P. a., pricked in, like a point; hence, of time: puncto tempore (cf.: puncto temporis; v. infra), in an instant, in a moment (only in Lucr.), Lucr. 2, 263; 456; 1006; 4, 216; 6, 230.—Hence, subst. in two forms.

punctum, i, n., that which is pricked or pricked in, a point, small hole, puncture.

Lit. (very rare), Mart. 11, 45, 6.—

Transf.

A point, small spot (as if made by pricking):

ova punctis distincta,

Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 144:

gemma sanguineis punctis,

id. 37, 8, 34, § 113:

puncta quae terebrantur acu,

Mart. 11, 46, 2:

ferream frontem convulnerandam praebeant punctis,

i. e. with the marks of slavery, Plin. Pan. 35.—

In partic.

A point made in writing, Aus. Epigr. 35, 1; 145, 5;

as a punctuation mark,

Diom. p. 432 P.—

A mathematical point. Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 116.—

A point or spot on dice: quadringenis in punctum sestertiis aleam lusit, Suet. Ner. [p. 1492] 30; Aus. Prof. 1, 29.—

A point or dot as the sign of a vote, made in a waxen tablet, before the introduction of separate ballots;

hence, transf.,

a vote, suffrage, ballot, Cic. Planc. 22, 53; id. Mur. 34, 72; id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62.—Hence, poet., applause, approbation:

omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci,

Hor. A. P. 343:

discedo Alcaeus puncto illius,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 99; Aus. Grat. Act. ad Grat. 5.—

A point on the bar of a steelyard, indicating the weight:

diluis helleborum, certo compescere puncto nescius examen,

Pers. 5, 100.—

A small part of any thing divided or measured off, e.g.,

A small weight, Pers. 5, 100.—

A small liquid measure, Front. Aquaed. 25.—

A small portion of time, an instant, a moment (cf. momentum):

puncto temporis eodem,

in the same moment, Cic. Sest. 24, 53; cf.:

ne punctum quidem temporis,

id. Phil. 8, 7, 20; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 7:

nullo puncto temporis intermisso,

id. N. D. 1, 20, 52; Caes. B. C. 2, 14.—In plur.:

omnibus minimis temporum punctis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

animi discessus a corpore fit ad punctum temporis,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82:

temporis puncto omnes Uticam relinquunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 25 fin.; Plin. Pan. 56:

horae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 172:

diei,

Lucr. 4, 201.—Rarely absol.:

punctum est quod vivimus et adhuc puncto minus,

Sen. Ep. 49, 14, 3:

puncto brevissimo dilapsa domus,

App. M. 9, p. 235, 30; cf.:

quod momentum, quod immo temporis punctum, aut beneficio sterile aut vacuum laude,

Plin. Pan. 56, 2; Vulg. Isa. 54, 7.—

In space, a point:

ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri, quo quasi punctum ejus attingimus, poeniteret,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16.—

In discourse, a small portion, brief clause, short section, Cic. Par. prooem. § 2; id. de Or. 2, 41, 177; Aus. Idyll. 12 prooem.—

puncta, ae, f. (very rare), a prick, puncture, Veg. Mil. 1, 12.

* * *

măcŭla, ae, f. [for malocula, malcula, dim.; cf. Sanscr. mala, dirt], a spot, mark, stain (class.).

Lit.

In gen., Plin. 37, 10, 56, § 155:

(bos) maculis insignis et albo,

i. e. with white spots, Verg. G. 3, 56:

maculis albis equus,

id. A. 9, 49:

maculis auro squalentibus ardens (rex apum),

id. G. 4, 91: in ipsis quasi maculis (terra), ubi habitatur, in those spots, i. e. small places, Cic. Rep. 6, 19 fin.:

parcit cognatis maculis similis fera,

Juv. 15, 160; cf. 5, 104.—

Transf., a mesh in a net, a hole in network or in a web:

rete grandibus maculis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 11, 3; Col. 8, 15, 1:

reticulum minutis maculis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27:

retia maculis distincta,

Ov. H. 5, 19. —Of the meshes of a spider's web, Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 81.—

In partic., a spot, stain, blot, blemish, mole, etc.:

maculari corpus maculis luridis,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 63:

est corporis macula, naevus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 79:

maculas auferre de vestibus,

Ov. F. 3, 821:

extrahere,

Plin. 20, 13, 50, § 120:

in veste facere,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 123:

e veste abluere,

id. 28, 7, 23, § 109:

mederi maculis corporis,

id. 36, 19, 33, § 140; cf.:

lentigines ac maculas e facie tollere,

id. 20, 2, 4, § 9.—

Trop. (acc. to I. B.), a blot, stain, stigma, blemish, fault in character: quem scis scire tuas omnes maculasque notasque, Lucil. ap. Non. 350, 13:

inest amoris macula huic homini in pectore,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 70:

jam ego ex corpore exigam omnis maculas maerorum tibi,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 61: vitium commune omnium est, Quod nimium ad rem in senecta attenti sumus: hanc maculam nos decet Effugere, * Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 31:

delenda vobis est illa macula, Mithridatico bello suscepta,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

est hujus saeculi labes quaedam et macula, virtuti invidere,

id. Balb. 6, 15:

vitae splendorem maculis aspergere,

id. Planc. 12, 30:

furtorum et flagitiorum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121:

adulescentiae,

id. ib. 1, 4, 11:

familiae,

id. Clu. 5, 12:

in oratione nitida notabile humilius verbum et velut macula,

Quint. 8, 3, 18; 8, 5, 28:

ne Claudiae genti eam inustam maculam vellent,

Liv. 3, 58:

plurima sunt nitidis maculam haesuram figentia rebus,

enduring disgrace, Juv. 14, 2.

Măcŭla, ae, m., a Roman surname, e. g. of Q. Pompeius, Cic. Fam. 6, 19, 1.

măcŭla, ae, f. [for malocula, malcula, dim.; cf. Sanscr. mala, dirt], a spot, mark, stain (class.).

Lit.

In gen., Plin. 37, 10, 56, § 155:

(bos) maculis insignis et albo,

i. e. with white spots, Verg. G. 3, 56:

maculis albis equus,

id. A. 9, 49:

maculis auro squalentibus ardens (rex apum),

id. G. 4, 91: in ipsis quasi maculis (terra), ubi habitatur, in those spots, i. e. small places, Cic. Rep. 6, 19 fin.:

parcit cognatis maculis similis fera,

Juv. 15, 160; cf. 5, 104.—

Transf., a mesh in a net, a hole in network or in a web:

rete grandibus maculis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 11, 3; Col. 8, 15, 1:

reticulum minutis maculis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27:

retia maculis distincta,

Ov. H. 5, 19. —Of the meshes of a spider's web, Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 81.—

In partic., a spot, stain, blot, blemish, mole, etc.:

maculari corpus maculis luridis,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 63:

est corporis macula, naevus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 79:

maculas auferre de vestibus,

Ov. F. 3, 821:

extrahere,

Plin. 20, 13, 50, § 120:

in veste facere,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 123:

e veste abluere,

id. 28, 7, 23, § 109:

mederi maculis corporis,

id. 36, 19, 33, § 140; cf.:

lentigines ac maculas e facie tollere,

id. 20, 2, 4, § 9.—

Trop. (acc. to I. B.), a blot, stain, stigma, blemish, fault in character: quem scis scire tuas omnes maculasque notasque, Lucil. ap. Non. 350, 13:

inest amoris macula huic homini in pectore,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 70:

jam ego ex corpore exigam omnis maculas maerorum tibi,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 61: vitium commune omnium est, Quod nimium ad rem in senecta attenti sumus: hanc maculam nos decet Effugere, * Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 31:

delenda vobis est illa macula, Mithridatico bello suscepta,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

est hujus saeculi labes quaedam et macula, virtuti invidere,

id. Balb. 6, 15:

vitae splendorem maculis aspergere,

id. Planc. 12, 30:

furtorum et flagitiorum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121:

adulescentiae,

id. ib. 1, 4, 11:

familiae,

id. Clu. 5, 12:

in oratione nitida notabile humilius verbum et velut macula,

Quint. 8, 3, 18; 8, 5, 28:

ne Claudiae genti eam inustam maculam vellent,

Liv. 3, 58:

plurima sunt nitidis maculam haesuram figentia rebus,

enduring disgrace, Juv. 14, 2.

Măcŭla, ae, m., a Roman surname, e. g. of Q. Pompeius, Cic. Fam. 6, 19, 1.

lăcĭnĭa, ae, f. [v. lacus, lacer], the lappet, flap, edge, or corner of a garment.

Lit.:

sume laciniam atque absterge sudorem tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 16:

aliquem lacinia tenere,

id. As. 3, 2, 41:

in lacinia servare ex mensa secunda semina,

Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 7:

consurgenti ei primum lacinia obhaesit,

Suet. Ner. 19: togae, id. [p. 1027] Calig. 35; id. Claud. 15.—

In gen., a garment (post-class.):

detraxit umeris laciniam,

Petr. S. 12; App. M. 3, p. 138; 6, p. 174; 11, p. 263; Macr. S. 2, 3; Vulg. Thren. 4, 14 et saep.—

Transf.

Of cattle, the dewlap:

laciniae dependentes,

Plin. 8, 50, 76, § 202.—

A small piece or part:

porrum et allium serunt in laciniis colligatum,

Plin. 19, 7, 36, § 120:

folii,

id. 15, 30, 39, § 130:

gregem in lacinias distribuere,

Col. 7, 5, 3.—Hence, also, a small strip or spot of land:

quoniam id oppidum velut in lacinia erat,

Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 148; id. 36, 13, 19, § 85.—

Trop.: aliquid obtinere laciniā, by the lappet, i. e. hardly, with difficulty, without a firm hold upon it, Cic. de Or. 3, 28, 110.

* * *

albus, a, um, adj. [cf. Umbr. alfu and Sab. alpus = white; alphos = white rash; O. H. Germ. Elbiz = a swan; to this have been referred also Alba Longa, Albunea, Alpes from their snowy summits (Paul. ex Fest. p. 4 Müll.), Albion from its chalky cliffs, Alpheios, and Albis = Elbe], white (properly dead white, not shining; e. g. hair, complexion, garments, etc., opp. ater, black that is without lustre; while candidus denotes a glistening, dazzling white, opp. niger, shining black.—Hence, trop., albus and ater, a symbol of good or ill fortune; on the other hand, candidus and niger of moral worth or unworthiness; cf. Doed. Syn. III. 193 sq.—So Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 82: aliud est candidum, i. e. quādam nitenti luce perfusum esse; aliud album, quod pallori constat esse vicinum; cf. Verg. E. 7, 38: Candidior cycnis, hederā formosior albā, with id. ib. 3, 39: diffusos hederā vestit pallente corymbos; but this distinction is freq. disregarded by the poets).

Lit.

In gen.:

barba,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 15:

corpus,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 115:

color albus praecipue decorus deo est, maxime in textili,

Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45: albus calculus, the small white stone used in voting, as a sign of acceding to the opinion of any one, or of the acquittal of one who is under accusation (opp. ater calculus;

v. calculus).— Hence, trop.: alicui rei album calculum adicere,

to allow, approve of, authorize, Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—In Enn. an epithet of the sun and moon: sol, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 92 Vahl.): jubar Hyperionis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 658 P. (Ann. v. 547 ib.).—The following are examples of the opposition of albus and niger (instead of ater) as exceptions to the gen. rule; so always in Lucr. (who also uses albus and candidus or candens promiscuously), 2, 810; 822 sqq.; 731 sq.; 790; 767-771. Once in Cic.: quae alba sint, quae nigra dicere, Div. 2, 3; so Phaedr. 3, 15, 10; Ov. M. 2, 541; cf. with id. ib. 2, 534 and 535; also id. ib. 12, 403; 15, 46; id. H. 15, 37 al.:

albi et nigri velleris,

Vulg. Gen. 30, 35:

non potes unum capillum album facere aut nigrum,

ib. Matt. 5, 36.—

Esp.

Pale, from sickness, terror, care, and the like:

aquosus albo Corpore languor, of dropsical persons,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 15:

pallor,

id. Epod. 7, 15:

vivat et urbanis albus in officiis,

pale from the cares of his public office, Mart. 1, 56 fin. et saep. —

Of clothing, white: alba decent Cererem;

vestes Cerealibus albas Sumite,

Ov. F. 4, 619:

vidit duos Angelos in albis,

Vulg. Joan. 20, 12; ib. Apoc. 3, 4.—Hence, poet. transf. to the person, clothed in white, Hor. S. 1, 2, 36: pedibus qui venerat albis, who had come with white feet, i. e. marked with chalk, as for sale, Juv. 1, 111 (cf. gypsatus and also Plin. 35, 17, 58, §§ 199-201; Mayor ad 1. 1.).—

Prov. phrases.

Dentibus albis deridere, to deride one by laughing so as to show the teeth, for to deride much, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 48 (cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 26).—

Albus an ater sit, nescio or non curo, I know not, care not whether he is white or black, i. e. he is entirely indifferent to me:

vide, quam te amārit is, qui albus aterve fueris ignorans, fratris filium praeteriit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16:

unde illa scivit, ater an albus nascerer,

Phaedr. 3, 15, 10; Cat. 93, 2; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 38.—

Albo rete aliquid oppugnare, to attack or seize upon something with a white net, i. e. in a delicate, skilful manner:

qui hic albo rete aliena oppugnant bona,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 22 (so the passage seems to be more simply explained than acc. to the opinion of Gron.: qui albo (by the register of the prætor) tamquam rete, which omission of the tamquam is a Horatian, but not a Plautinian idiom). —

Albā lineā aliquid signare, to make a white line upon a white ground, i. e. to make no distinction: et amabat omnes, nam ut discrimen non facit... signat linea alba, Lucil. ap. Non. 282, 28 (where the common editions have neque before signare, which gives the expression a directly opposite sense): albā, ut dicitur, lineā sine curā discriminis convertebant, Gell. praef. 11.—

Alba avis, a white sparrow, for something rare, uncommon, strange:

quasi avem albam videntur bene sentientem civem videre,

Cic. Fam. 7, 28 (quasi novum quiddam; proverbium ex eo natum, quia rarae aves albae, Manut. ad h. 1.).—

Filius albae gallinae, fortune's favorite child, Juv. 13, 141, prob. an allusion to the miracle that happened to Livia in regard to a white hen, v. Plin. 15, 30, 40; Suet. Galb. 1 (Ruperti ad h. 1, refers this expression to the unfruitfulness of a white hen, and conpares Col. R. R. 8, 2, 7).—

Equis albis praecurrere aliquem, to excel, surpass one, Hor. S. 1, 7, 8 (the figure being drawn from the white horses attached to a triumphal chariot; cf. Suet. Ner. 25; id. Dom. 2).—

Trop.

Favorable, fortunate, propitious:

simul alba nautis Stella refulsit,

i. e. the twin-star Castor, favorable to sailors, Hor. C. 1, 12, 27:

dies,

Sil. 15, 53:

sint omnia protinus alba,

Pers. 1, 110.—

Poet. and act., of the wind, making clear or bright, dispersing the clouds; hence, dry:

Notus,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 15 (as a transl. of the Gr. leukonotos):

iapyx,

id. ib. 3, 27, 19 (cf.:

clarus aquilo,

Verg. G. 1, 460).—Whence,

album, i, n., whiteness.

White color, white:

maculis insignis et albo,

Verg. G. 3, 56;

sparsis pellibus albo,

id. E. 2, 41:

columnas polire albo,

to make white, whiten, Liv. 40, 51.—Hence,

Esp.,

The white of the eye:

oculorum,

Cels. 2, 6; so id. 7, 7, n. 6 and 12.—

The white of an egg:

ovi,

Cels. 6, 6, n. 7.—

In Col. 6, 17, 7, a white spot on the eye, i. e. a disease of it, = albugo.—

In the lang. of polit. life, a white tablet, on which any thing is inscribed (like leukôma in Gr.).

The tablets on which the Pontifex Maximus registered the principal events of the year, the Annales maximi (v. annales): in album referre, to enter or record in, Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 52; Liv. 1, 32, 2.—

The tablets of the prœtor, on which his edicts were written, and which were posted up in some public place, Paul. Sent. l. 1, t. 14.—Hence, sedere ad album, to be employed with the edicts of the prœtor, Sen. Ep. 48:

se ad album transferre,

Quint. 12, 3, 11 Spald.—

Esp., a list of names, a register, e. g. Album senatorium, the tablet on which the names of the senators were enrolled, the roll, register, which, by the order of Augustus, was to be posted up annually in the senate-house, Diom. 55, 3, and Fragm. 137:

aliquem albo senatorio eradere,

Tac. A. 4, 42 fin. —Also, the list of the judges chosen by the quœstors:

aliquem albo judicum eradere,

Suet. Claud. 16; so id. Dom. 8.—And transf. to other catalogues of names:

citharoedorum,

Suet. Ner. 21.

arca, ae, f. [arceo:

arca et arx quasi res secretae, a quibus omnes arceantur,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 262; v. arceo], a place for keeping any thing, a chest, box.

Lit.

In gen.:

arca vestiaria,

Cato, R. R. 11, 3: ex illā oleā arcam esse factam eoque [p. 153] conditas sortes, Cic. Div. 2, 41, 86; Suet. Tib. 63:

arca ingens variorum venenorum plena,

id. Calig. 59 al. —Very freq.,

Esp.,

A box for money, a safe, a coffer, and particularly of the rich, and loculi was their purse, porte-monnaie, while sacculus was the pouch of the poor, Juv. 1, 89 sq.; 11, 26; cf. id. 10, 25; 14, 259 Ruperti, and Cat. 13, 8; Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll.:

populus me sibilat: at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arcā,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 67.—Hence, meton., like our purse, for the money in it:

arcae nostrae confidito,

rely upon my purse, Cic. Att. 1, 9; id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 12; id. Par. 6, 1; Cat. 23, 1; Col. 3, 3, 5; 8, 8, 9; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 8; Sen. Ep. 26 fin. — Hence, ex arcā absolvere aliquem, to pay in cash upon the spot (opp. de mensae scripturā absolvere), Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 13 Don.; cf. id. Phorm. 5, 7, 29 Don., and arcarius.—And of public money, state treasure, revenues (late Lat.):

frumentaria,

Dig. 50, 4, 1, § 2:

vinaria,

Symm. Ep. 10, 42 al. —

A coffin (cf. Smith, Dict. Antiq.), Liv. 40, 29; cf. Plin. 13, 13, 27, § 85; Val. Max. 1, 1:

cadavera Conservus vili portanda locabat in arcā,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 9; Luc. 8, 736; Dig. 11, 7; Inscr. Orell. 3560; 4429.—

Transf. Of any thing in the form of a box or chest.

Noah's ark (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Gen. 6, 14 sqq.; ib. Matt. 24, 38; ib. Heb. 11, 7 al.—

In Jewish antiq., the Ark of the Covenant (eccl. Lat.):

arca foederis,

Vulg. Deut. 10, 8:

arca foederis Domini,

ib. Num. 10, 33:

arca testimonii,

ib. Exod. 26, 34:

arca testamenti,

ib. Heb. 9, 4:

arca testamenti Dei,

ib. Jer. 3, 16:

arca Domini,

ib. Jos. 4, 4:

arca Dei,

ib. 1 Reg. 11, 17; and absol.:

arca,

ib. Exod. 30, 6; ib. Deut. 10, 5.—

A small, close prison, a cell:

(Servi) in arcas coniciuntur, ne quis cum iis colloqui possit,

Cic. Mil. 22 fin.; cf. Fest. p. 264 Müll. —

In mechanics, the water-box of a hydraulic machine, Vitr. 10, 13.—

A watercistern, a reservoir, Vitr. 6, 3.—

A quadrangular landmark; cf. Scriptt. Agrim. pp. 119, 222, 223, 271 Goes.